This might be a serious setback for India's quest for a
dependable supply of clean and naturally accessible source of bio-fuel
As the globe wakes up to the harsh fact of gas stations
without a decrease of fossil fuel in order to dispense one day, nonedible
essential oil bearing seeds of Pongamia Pinnata, a species of bio-diesel plant
widely found in Karnataka and other parts of India as well as seemingly a
durable way to obtain bio-fuel, has become the cynosure of most eyes.
Unfortunately, the plant sometimes known by its myriad
nearby names such as Karanja, Pongam, Papar, Kanji and Karanga, is faced with
the problem associated with gall in its flower, that damages the plant seed, the
origin of the bio-fuel. This may be a significant setback for India's pursuit of
a dependable source of thoroughly clean and naturally available cause of
bio-fuel.
Scientific research has verified that diesel fuel
removed from Pongamia Pinnata seed products is better than the bio-fuel taken
out from other nonedible oil seed like jatropha curcus, moha, undi or
saemaruba.
Actually Pongam methyl ester is located to show good
fuel attributes that are comparable with fossil fuel because of the relatively
higher percentage of oleicacid within the pongam oil. It has additionally better
low temperature operability compared to jatropa oil methyl.
Chemical substance analysis has revealed that methyl
esters produced at lower pressure and low temperature the weather is
noncorrosive. Biodiesel produced from jatropha, however , has slight hazardous
effect on the piston lining. Such unique properties regarding Pongamia Pinnata
oil allow it to be a promising bio-fuel plant involving tomorrow. However , the
immediate issue of the scientific community within India is to effectively
tackle the issue of flower gall inducer in Pongamia Pinnata and its management.
Spearheading the actual battle against the flower gall is R Sundararaj, mature
scientist and head connected with forest and wood safety division at the
Institute associated with Wood Science & Technologies under Indian Council
regarding Forestry Research & Schooling, union ministry of atmosphere and
forests. Dr Sundararaj says the flower gall inducer is the gall midge --
Asphondylia pongamiae - (a small or minute 2 winged fly that types swarms and
breeds within flower).
It breeds might be pongam plants and infests its
flowers at the reproduction stage by inserting ova into the buds. Symptoms of
contaminations surface within 10-15 times of laying eggs.
The pals are turned into young sub-globular galls
within a month involving infestation. Petals towards the bulged portion of
infested ovary change whitish-green and coarse. Right after two months of gall
advancement the petals and sepals drop from the gall in support of the developed
nut formed gall will be visible within the tree, explains Sundararaj.
Talking about the management of floral gall inducer,
Sundararaj states it can be dealt with by bringing out neem-based insecticides
at the flourishing stage. Since the galls tend to be 'univoltine' (producing one
generation in a season and especially just one brood of eggs effective at
hibernating), he suggests, eliminating them at any stage connected with gall
development and wrecking them by burning or even burying them underground.
Within extreme cases he indicates cutting off the branches associated with
infested pongam tree.
Native to the Indian subcontinent and also south-east
Asia (Malyasia along with Indonesia), the medium dimension tree has been
successfully brought to humid tropical regions of the entire world such as
Australia, New Zealand, China and USA.
Since the tree also tends to happen naturally along
coasts in addition to riverbanks in India, Bangladesh, Burma and Australia
additionally it is known as a 'maritime species'. It may withstand 500-2500 mm
regarding rainfall, 0-16 degree centigrade to 27-50 degree centigrade
temperature ranges but require 2-6 months of dried out spell. The plant can be
very easily grown in India's big tract of non-fertile as well as waste
land.
Ovary gall, and young gall
Even while in Australia Pongam planting project forms a
critical element of the country's ambitious bio-fuel project, in India 'energy
plantations', involving the Pongam continues to be set up as part of
microenterprise.
"Bio-fuels are destined to make a substantial factor
provided the flower gall inducer is managed effectively to the future energy
needs of the domestic and commercial economics. Pongam will effect most
significantly through the extraction involving seed oil for use inside the
manufacture of biodiesel, inch a joint technical bulletins on flower gall
inducer and its management by Sundararaj, SC Joshi and Ur Devaraj say.
Almond-sized plant seeds on pongam tree take place
within 4-6 years of sugar plantation, yielding 9-90 kg connected with seed per
year. The produce can reach up to 900 to be able to 9, 000 kg/hectare. Research
shows that about 135, 000 million tonnes of necessary oil can be extracted from
pongamia seeds per annum.
Currently just 6 per cent of the complete output is
being utilised.
"Pongam tree has been effective inside controlling soil
erosion, holding sand dunes with the help of the dense network of spectrum of
ankle roots, restoration of male fertility in degraded soils because of its
nitrogen fixing ability.
"It is used as a medicinal flower in Ayurvedic and
Sidda medicine system for the remedying of bronchitis, whooping cough, rheumatic
joints and to quench dipsia in diabetes patients. The actual bark is used
internally with regard to treating piles, beriberi and also diabetes and as an
antimicrobial, " says V Ramakantha, director of IWST.
Because India gears up to create and expand
infrastructure for you to tap renewal energy sources, interest is also being
paid right now on the management of the damaging effect of flower gall inducer
on pongamia pinnata bio-diesel plant.
The infestation, based on a survey conducted upon
plants in and around Bengaluru, seems to be widespread calling for urgent
activity.
Roving survey conducted in pongam in plantations,
strategies and alongside agricultural waterways and in dry lands throughout 10
rural pockets associated with Bangaluru has shown that twenty to 89 per cent
regarding plants have flower gall infestations. The infestation would be to the
extent of 22 to help 88 per cent in 7 selected urban areas of the town.
On an average 50 % of the trees in Kolar, Hassan,
Mandya, Mysuru, Udupi, and Tumakuru districts happen to be found to be
infected.
Unquestionably, scientists are faced with a good uphill
task of controlling the gall menace.
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